[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/telekomunikace-od-telegrafu-k-mobilnimu-telefonu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/telekomunikace-od-telegrafu-k-mobilnimu-telefonu\/","headline":"Telekomunikace  – od telegrafu k mobiln\u00edmu telefonu","name":"Telekomunikace  – od telegrafu k mobiln\u00edmu telefonu","description":"\u00c9ra elektrick\u00fdch d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch spoj\u016f za\u010dala po roce 1840, kdy se po dr\u00e1tech nebo kabelech za\u010daly pos\u00edlat telegramy \u2013 nejprve mezi…","datePublished":"2025-03-03","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"netzona.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d81a95b988e562d8ac0fc1eb5578e43f924bf78e85c5259f0dcab44a306610fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d81a95b988e562d8ac0fc1eb5578e43f924bf78e85c5259f0dcab44a306610fa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"netzona.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302579_w1963_t1512470944.png","url":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302579_w1963_t1512470944.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/telekomunikace-od-telegrafu-k-mobilnimu-telefonu\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":389,"articleBody":"\u00c9ra elektrick\u00fdch d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch spoj\u016f za\u010dala po roce 1840, kdy se po dr\u00e1tech nebo kabelech za\u010daly pos\u00edlat telegramy \u2013 nejprve mezi velk\u00fdmi m\u011bsty, pozd\u011bji i mezi sv\u011btad\u00edly. Po telegrafu p\u0159i\u0161ly telefony, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely lidsk\u00fd hlas jako zvukovou vlnu. R\u00e1dio pak otev\u0159elo bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 spoje a mikroelektronika umo\u017enila vytvo\u0159it p\u0159enosn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje. P\u0159\u00edchod modemu umo\u017enil na telefonn\u00ed linky napojit po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 technika sn\u00ed\u017eila n\u00e1klady a zv\u011bt\u0161ila objemy p\u0159epravovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed, ale hlad po st\u00e1le \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e a kvalit\u011b spojen\u00ed roste t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 geometrickou \u0159adou.Alexander Graham Bell (1847 \u2013 1922) se narodil ve Skotsku, ze zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f se odst\u011bhoval do Kanady a pozd\u011bji do USA. V\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00fdch prac\u00ed vytvo\u0159il na Bostonsk\u00e9 universit\u011b, kde byl profesorem fyziologie hlasu; mimo jin\u00e9 i u\u010dil nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed studenty.Na telefonn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstroji pracoval s\u00a0Thomasem Watsonem a jeho prvn\u00ed slova, p\u0159enesen\u00e1 po dr\u00e1t\u011b byla: \u201ePane Watsone p\u0159ij\u010fte, pot\u0159ebuji v\u00e1s tu\u201c. V\u00a0roce 1876 si dal vyn\u00e1lez patentovat, v\u00a0roce 1877 dokonce zalo\u017eil Bell Telephone Company, aby vyn\u00e1lez prosadil, av\u0161ak jako podnikatel p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neobst\u00e1l.Prvn\u00ed telefony m\u011bly gener\u00e1tory s\u00a0klikou a ty slou\u017eily k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny pro provoz p\u0159\u00edstroje. Ot\u00e1\u010dec\u00ed \u010d\u00edseln\u00edk se objevily v\u00a0roce 1896. Do t\u00e9 doby museli lid\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dat spojovatelku o spojen\u00ed.\u00a0 V\u00a0telefonn\u00edch \u00fast\u0159edn\u00e1ch pracovaly spojovatelky, kter\u00e9 spojovaly hovory tak, \u017ee zapojovaly elektrick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty do pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch zd\u00ed\u0159ek. Dnes jsou telefonn\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edny automatick\u00e9. Modern\u00ed telefony maj\u00ed ozvu\u010den\u00e1 tla\u010d\u00edtka. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 tla\u010d\u00edtko tvo\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed t\u00f3n a tyto t\u00f3ny dok\u00e1\u017ee telefonn\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edna rozpoznat.Mobiln\u00ed telefony se za\u010daly \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v\u00a080. letech dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje byly velk\u00e9 skoro jako cihla, ale postupem \u010dasu se zmen\u0161ovaly. Mobiln\u00ed telefony pos\u00edlaj\u00ed sign\u00e1l bezdr\u00e1tov\u011b pomoc\u00ed mikrovln. Sign\u00e1l zachycuj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ant\u00e9ny, kter\u00e9 je pos\u00edlaj\u00ed do \u00fast\u0159edny. Sign\u00e1ly jsou p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ant\u00e9n nebo optick\u00fdch kabel\u016f do \u00fast\u0159eden napojen\u00fdch na pozemn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Telekomunikace  – od telegrafu k mobiln\u00edmu telefonu","item":"https:\/\/www.netzona.cz\/telekomunikace-od-telegrafu-k-mobilnimu-telefonu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]